Violin

The violin is a string instrument in the violin family. It is the smallest and highest-pitched instrument in the family in regular use. The violin typically has four strings tuned in perfect fifths, and is most commonly played by drawing a bow across its strings. Violins are important instruments a wide variety of musical genres. They are most prominent in the Western classical tradition and in many varieties of folk music (where the violin is often known as the "fiddle"). However, violins are also frequently used in jazz, a number of different forms of rock and roll and metal, and descendants of folk including country music and bluegrass music. Further, the violin has come to be played in many non-Western music cultures all over the world. The violin is sometimes informally called a fiddle, regardless of the type of music played on it.

The violin was first known in 16th-century Italy, with some further modifications occurring in the 18th and 19th centuries. In Europe it served as the basis for stringed instruments used in western classical music, the viola and the violin. Violinists and collectors particularly prize the instruments made by the Stradivari, Guarneri and Amati families from the 16th to the 18th century in Brescia and Cremona and by Jacob Stainer in Austria. According to their reputation, the quality of their sound has defied attempts to explain or equal it, though this belief is disputed. Great numbers of instruments have come from the hands of "lesser" makers, as well as still greater numbers of mass-produced commercial "trade violins" coming from cottage industries in places such as Saxony, Bohemia, and Mirecourt. Many of these trade instruments were formerly sold by Sears, Roebuck and Co. and other mass merchandisers.

Violin (film)

Violin is a 2011 Malayalam musical romance film directed by Sibi Malayil. It stars Asif Ali and Nithya Menon in the lead roles, and Vijayaraghavan, Nedumudi Venu, Sreejith Ravi, Chembil Asokan, Lakshmi Ramakrishnan and Reena Basheer in other major roles. The film is about two youngsters who are brought together by their fondness to music. A musical romance film by genre, it features music composed by Bijibal and a song composed by Bollywood composer Anand Raj Anand. Rafeeq Ahmed writes the lyrics while Manoj Pillai is the cinematographer. Sakhi Thomas was the costume designer for this movie. Having filmed the major parts from Fort Kochi, the film released on 1 July 2011. Violin Dubbed to Telugu As Dilse in 2012.

Plot

The lives of Angel (Nithya Menon) and her two aunts Annie (Lakshmi Ramakrishnan) and Mercy (Reena Basheer) are transformed, when Aby (Asif Ali) walks in, as their tenant. After a bout of initial resistance from Angel, romance strikes, and the two fall in sincere love.

Violin (album)

Violin was the first album released by violinist Vanessa-Mae. It was recorded in October 1990, near her 12th birthday, and released shortly afterwards in March 1991. Vanessa-Mae contributed her royalties from the album to the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children.

For the recording, she performed with the Mozart Players as conducted by Anthony Inglis.

Track listing

Sarasate

1. Carmen Fantasy 13:35

Kabalevksy - Violin Concerto

2. Allegro 4:24

3. Andante 5:01

4. Vivace Giocoso 5:51

Mozart - `Adelaide' Concerto

5. Allegro 7:21

6. Adagio 7:11

7. Allegro 4:22

Wieniawski

8. Faust Fantasy 16:20

Surname

A surname or family name is a name added to a given name. In many cases, a surname is a family name and many dictionaries define "surname" as a synonym of "family name". In the western hemisphere, it is commonly synonymous with last name because it is usually placed at the end of a person's given name.

In most Spanish-speaking and Portuguese-speaking countries, two or more last names (or surnames) may be used. In China, Hungary, Japan, Korea, Madagascar, Taiwan, Vietnam, and parts of India, the family name is placed before a person's given name.

The style of having both a family name (surname) and a given name (forename) is far from universal. In many countries, it is common for ordinary people to have only one name or mononym.

The concept of a "surname" is a relatively recent historical development, evolving from a medieval naming practice called a "byname". Based on an individual's occupation or area of residence, a byname would be used in situations where more than one person had the same name.

Tchaikovsky (film)

Tchaikovsky (Russian: Чайковский) is a 1969 Soviet film directed by Igor Talankin. It featured Innokenty Smoktunovsky in the role of the famous Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. It was nominated for the 1971 Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film as well as the Academy Award for Original Song Score and Adaptation.

Cast

See also

References

External links

Chaykovsky, Perm Krai

Chaykovsky (Russian: Чайко́вский) is a town in Perm Krai, Russia, located on the Kama River 325 kilometers (202 mi) southwest of Perm, the administrative center of the krai. Population: 82,895 (2010 Census); 86,714 (2002 Census);85,849 (1989 Census).

Name

The town is named after the Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, who was born in the nearby town of Votkinsk.

Geography

The town is located in the Cis-Ural region on left bank of the Kama River, near its confluence with the Saygatka in the southwestern part of Perm Krai. The confluence of the Kama and the Saygatka and the nearby Votkinsk Reservoir form a peninsula on which the town is located.

The area of Chaykovskoye Urban Settlement is 56.49 square kilometers (21.81 sq mi) (including the water surface), while the аrea of the town proper is about 31 square kilometers (12 sq mi).

Chaykovskoye Urban Settlement borders with Yelovsky District in the north, Vankovsky Rural Settlement in the northeast, Fokinsky and Bolshe-Bukorsky Rural Settlements in the east, Olkhovsky Rural Settlement in the south, and with Votkinsky District of the Udmurt Republic in the west.